[ThinkBetter](https://thinkbetter.app/) → [Mental Models](https://thinkbetter.app/mental-models.md) → Hanlon's Razor

# Hanlon's Razor

Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity.

![Hanlon's Razor illustration](https://assets.thinkbetter.app/images/hanlons_razer.png)

Hanlon's Razor is a mental model that suggests that when someone messes up or does something you deem wrong, it's more likely they made an innocent mistake rather than did it out of ill-intent. In simple terms, it means that people aren't always out to get us; sometimes, they're just a bit clumsy or uninformed or make mistakes.

## Example

**Getting Cut on the Road**

Someone makes a sharp turn and cuts you off on your way to work. You are furious — they must be doing this on purpose, right? In reality people might just be distracted and not paying as much attention as they should. Why? Jumping to negative conclusions can increase your stress, while many of the annoyances and issues we face daily are a result of mistakes more so than malice.

## In your professional life

**Workplace conflict resolution**

Approach interpersonal issues assuming misunderstanding rather than malice. If a colleague consistently misses deadlines, investigate workload or unclear expectations before assuming laziness. This fosters empathy and focuses on solutions rather than blame.

## Go deeper in ThinkBetter

The ThinkBetter app has the full Hanlon's Razor deep-dive: more examples, a quiz to test yourself, audio narration, and a weekly path that builds these ideas into a habit.

- iOS: https://apps.apple.com/app/id6459831884
- Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.ventureship.braintricks

### Related concepts

- [Narrative Fallacy (Cognitive bias)](https://thinkbetter.app/cognitive-biases/narrative-fallacy.md)
- [Fundamental Attribution Error (Cognitive bias)](https://thinkbetter.app/cognitive-biases/fundamental-attribution-error.md)
- [All cognitive biases](https://thinkbetter.app/cognitive-biases.md)

Page: https://thinkbetter.app/mental-models/hanlons-razor